Head & Neck Cancer Assessment & Treatment in Lahore

Cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, salivary glands and neck are common in Pakistan — and highly treatable when found early. The warning signs are simple; the mistake is waiting. An ENT head and neck assessment takes one visit.

About head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers arising in the mouth, tongue, lips, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), nose and sinuses, salivary glands and thyroid. Pakistan has one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world, driven by gutka, paan, naswar, chaalia and smoking. Most present late — not because they are hidden, but because an ulcer, lump or voice change was ignored for months.

Dr. Sajid Iqbal provides assessment, biopsy, staging and surgical treatment for head and neck cancers, working with oncology colleagues for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The aim is a fast, clear answer: most lumps and ulcers are benign, and those that are not are treated far more easily at an early stage.

Symptoms

  • A mouth ulcer or white/red patch that has not healed in 3 weeks
  • A lump in the neck, especially one that is painless and growing
  • Hoarseness lasting more than 3 weeks
  • Difficulty or pain on swallowing, or food sticking
  • Persistent one-sided sore throat or ear pain with a normal ear
  • Blood in saliva or from the nose; one-sided nasal blockage
  • A lump or swelling in the jaw, cheek, or in front of the ear (salivary gland)
  • Unexplained weight loss with any of the above

Common causes

  • Tobacco in all forms — cigarettes, hookah, naswar, gutka, paan with tobacco
  • Areca nut (chaalia, supari) — a carcinogen on its own
  • Alcohol
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) — throat cancers in non-smokers
  • Chronic irritation from sharp teeth or ill-fitting dentures
  • Previous radiation, family history, poor oral hygiene, low fruit and vegetable intake

How it is diagnosed in clinic

Full examination of the mouth, throat and neck, with flexible nasolaryngoscopy to see the back of the nose, throat and larynx in clinic. A neck lump is assessed with ultrasound and FNAC (fine-needle aspiration — a quick needle sample under local anaesthetic) and a mouth or throat lesion with a biopsy, under local or short general anaesthesia. CT, MRI or PET-CT stages the disease once a diagnosis is confirmed. Results are explained to you and your family in plain language, with a written plan.

Treatment options

Medical treatment (first line)

  • Urgent referral pathway: assessment within [X] days of contact for any red-flag symptom
  • Biopsy and staging coordinated so there is no delay between diagnosis and treatment
  • Multidisciplinary planning with a medical and radiation oncologist
  • Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, delivered at [Oncology centre], for cancers best treated non-surgically or in combination
  • Dental assessment before radiotherapy; nutrition and speech support during treatment
  • Tobacco and areca-nut cessation support — essential to prevent a second cancer

Surgical treatment — Head and neck examination with endoscopy and biopsy

Surgery is the main treatment for most early oral and salivary cancers and many laryngeal and neck cancers. Dr. Sajid performs excision of oral cavity tumours, neck dissection (removal of lymph nodes), laryngeal surgery including endoscopic (through-the-mouth) procedures for early vocal cord cancer, parotidectomy and submandibular gland excision with facial nerve preservation, and thyroidectomy. Reconstruction is planned with plastic surgery colleagues where tissue needs replacing. Procedures are performed at [Hospital] with ICU support available.

What to expect: step by step

1

Urgent consultation

Examination and nasolaryngoscopy at the first visit. If a lesion is seen, biopsy or FNAC is arranged immediately.

2

Diagnosis & staging

Histology in [5–7] days; CT/MRI/PET as required. A written diagnosis and stage are explained to you and your family.

3

Treatment plan

Discussed with oncology colleagues. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination — with realistic expectations on function, speech and swallowing.

4

Treatment

Surgery at [Hospital]; radiotherapy/chemotherapy at [Oncology centre]. Nutrition, dental and speech support throughout.

5

Follow-up

Structured surveillance for 5 years — frequent in the first two years — with cessation support to prevent recurrence.

Cost of treatment in Lahore

Consultation: PKR [FEE]. FNAC and biopsy: PKR [RANGE]. Surgery is quoted in writing after staging; the clinic can advise on [charity / hospital welfare / Sehat card] support where applicable.

Ready to get it sorted? Book a consultation with Dr. Sajid Iqbal at Horizon Hospital, Johar Town, Lahore — call 0321 4496160 or WhatsApp.

Head and neck cancer — frequently asked questions

No. In children and young adults most neck lumps are reactive lymph nodes or infections. In adults over 40 — especially tobacco users — a painless, enlarging lump needs ultrasound and FNAC within days, not months. Either way, it should be examined.

Any red-flag symptom (non-healing ulcer, neck lump, hoarseness over 3 weeks, blood in saliva) is seen within [X] working days. Call or WhatsApp and say it is urgent.

No. This is a common and harmful myth. A biopsy is the only way to confirm a diagnosis and plan treatment; delaying it is what allows a cancer to spread.

Early-stage cancers are treated with function-preserving techniques, including endoscopic laser surgery for early vocal cord cancer. The later a cancer presents, the more function is at risk — which is why early assessment matters so much. You will be told honestly what to expect before any treatment.

Stop the habit and book an assessment this week. White or red patches (leukoplakia/erythroplakia) are pre-cancerous in a proportion of cases and are easily examined and, if needed, biopsied in clinic.

Book a consultation

Same-week appointments at Horizon Hospital, Johar Town, Lahore.

Timings: Mon – Thu 9pm – 10pm

Consultation Fee: PKR 4000

ENT services

About the doctor

Dr. Sajid Iqbal, MBBS, MS-ENT, is a consultant ENT surgeon with 20+ years of experience treating patients in Lahore. Read his profile →

Book a consultation with Dr. Sajid Iqbal

Clinic in Johar Town, Lahore, Mon – Thu 9pm-10pm